Mga Katangian ng Mabuting Balita

» payak
» napapanahon
» sariwa at bago
» makatotohanan
» walang kinikilingan
» may katiyakan at katampukan

Mga Paksang Tinatalakay sa Balita

» usaping politikal
» usaping panlipunan
» pangkabuhayan o negosyo
» relihiyon
» edukasyon
» kalusugan

Mga Uri ng Balita

» Balitang Pambansa

Ito ay tumutukoy sa mga pangyayari sa loob ng bansa na mahalaga sa nakararaming mga mamamayan gaya ng eleksyon, rebolusyon o pag-aaklas, at iba pang paglalahad maaaring magdulot ng epekto o impluwensya sa mamamayan ng bansa.

» Balitang Pangkaunlaran

Ito ay balitang kapupulutan ng mga aral at halimbawa tungo sa pagpapaunlad ng buhay.

» Balitang Pandaigdig

Ang balitang tulad ng paglulunsad ng mga programa o pagpapasa ng mga batas na sangkot ang iba't ibang bansa tulad ng United Nations, ASEAN, World Health Organization (WHO) at iba pang organisasyong panrelihiyon at pampamahalaan.

» Balitang Panlibangan

Ang ganitong balita ay tumatalakay sa mga libangan, hobbies o recreation na karaniwang kinatatampukan ng mga sikat na personalidad at naglalayong makapagbigay ng impluwensya o kasiyahan.

» Balitang Pampalakasan

Ang mga halimbawa ng balitang ganitn ay mga ukol sa isports tulad ng basketbol, boksing, bilyards dito man sa bansa o pandaigdig.

» Balitang Pangkabuhayan

Ang mga balitang ukol sa hanapbuhay gaya ng pagbaba ng halaga ng piso, pagtaas ng presyo ng mga bilihin at iba pang balita na may tiyak na epekto sa kaunlaran ng bansa.

Validity

The validity of the test concerns what the test measures and how well it does so (Catane, 2000). Thus, validity refers to the degree in which a particular instrument is useful in measuring that which it is designed to measure.

Reliability

Reliability refers to the consistency of scores obtained by the same persons when they are re-examined with the same test on different occasions or with different sets of equivalent items or under other variable examining conditions (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997). Reliability also refers to the measuring instrument's accuracy or precision. The property of getting the correct measurement is accuracy while the property of getting self-consistent results is precision.

All types of reliability can be expressed in terms of a correlation coefficent (r) which expresses the degree of correspondence or relationship between two sets of scores. Correlation coefficients can be computed in various ways depending on the nature of the data (Catane, 2000).

Evaluating the Research Instrument

Evaluating the research instrument places confidence on the results obtained and draws correct conclusions. Research instruments must be reliable and valid.

Researcher-Developed Instruments

Researcher-developed instruments are constructed when standardized instruments cannot match up as tools for a specific research. Some researcher-developed instruments are the interview schedule, observation form, document analysis form and the questionnaire. These instruments are used to test the hypothesis of the study.

Standardized Instruments

A standardized instrument has highly refined measurement procedure, carefully developed and designed for administration under carefully-prescribed conditions for some specific purpose (Catane, 2000).

Standardized instruments share the following common properties or characteristics (Colombo, 1984):

1. They have well-defined instrument items with test administration having the same procedures and time limits.

2. Their procedures for scoring have been carefully prescribed.

3. Formative data (scores obtained from administration to other groups) have been prepared.

4. They include estimates of validity and reliability that are based upon said experimental research.

5. Some standardized instruments have been published and marketed by public and private enterprises.

Experimental Research

Experimental research is a study conducted in the laboratory. Field experiments and quasi-experimental research fall under this type. This type of research involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group.

Evaluation Research

Evaluation research judges the value, worth or merit of an existing program. Formative and summative evaluation are applied in training programs, textbooks, manuals or curriculums.

Ex Post Facto Research

Ex post facto research is a systematic empirical inquiry in which the researcher does not have direct control of the independent variables.

Correlational Research

Correlational research involves the collection of two or more sets of data from a group of subjects with the attempt to determine the subsequent relationship between those sets of data (Tuckman, 1972).

Descriptive Research

Descriptive research describes the population's characteristics. Exploratory or normative surveys fall under this type of research. Selltiz, et al. (1979) define it as a study where the major emphasis is on the discovery of ideas and insights. Qualitative methods (case studies, content analysis, ethnographic studies) and quantitative research (survey research, cross-sectional survey, cohort study, correlational research, longitudinal survey) are used.

Historical Research

According to Kerlinger (1972), historical research is the critical investigation of events, developments and experiences of the past, the careful weighing of evidence of the validity of resources of information on the past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence. The difference between this type of research and others is that the focus of the subject is the past. Data are gathered through the collection of original documents or interviewing eye witnesses.

Developmental Research

Developmental research refers to the systematic work drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and / or practical experience that is directed to producing new materials, products and devices; to installing new processes, systems and services; and to improving substantially those already produced or installed. This type of research is often used in engineering and technology areas.

Applied Research

Applied research, also known as action research, is directed towards the practical application of knowledge. The theory may be supported, modified or revised. A new theory may even be provided.

Applied research, covering mostly social science areas, entails large-scale studies with subsequent problems on data collection.

Basic Research

Basic research, also known as "fundamental" or "pure" research, is directed towards developing new or fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject rather than its practical application.

Theories and hypothesis containing abstract and specialized concepts are developed and tested. The researcher's intellect is triggered and social implications of existing social problems are uncovered.

Types of Research Based on Purpose

The types of research on the basis of purpose refers to the extend to which the findings are used.

Mga Bahagi ng Balita

Pamatnubay
Ito ang pinakamahalagang bahagi ng balita na matatagpuan sa unahan. Sumasagot ito sa mga tanong na sino, ano, kailan, bakit at paano.

Katawan ng Balita
Ito ay naglalaman ng mga datos na naglalahad ng patnubay mula sa pinakamahalagang datos hanggang sa pinakamaliit na detalye ng mga pangyayari ukol sa balita.

Mga Sangkap ng Balita

> Mga pangyayaring kagaganap pa lamang o matagal-tagal nang naganap ngunit ngayon o kailan lamang natuklasan

> May dalawang mukha: hinggil sa panloob o panlabas ng bansa

> Nagtataglay ng kapanabikan na pumupukaw ng damdamin at isip

> Kadalasang nagtatampok sa mga taong mahalaga, mataas na katungkulan, popular sa larangan ng politika, shobiz, isports at iba pa.

> Kawili-wili ang ilang di-pangkaraniwang pangyayari.